Festingers 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and behavior in harmony and avoid disharmony or dissonance. He tested the decisionmaking process in a cognitive dissonance experiment. Pdf patterns of cognitive dissonance in readers engagement. Understanding cognitive dissonance in smoking behaviour. Cognitive dissonance has been one of the models used in assessing and giving insight on specific actions in the society thereby. This is known as the principle of cognitive consistency. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the a theory of cognitive dissonance, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. Cognitive dissonance has been one of the most enduring and successful theories in the history of social psychology. Cognitive dissonance introduction leon festinger published in 1957. As originally formulated festinger, 1957, cognitive dissonance is induced when a person holds two contradictory beliefs, or when a belief is incongruent with an action that the person had chosen freely to perform. Selfperception, dissonance, and premanipulation attitudes. While at the university of minnesota, festinger read about a cult that believed that the end of the world was at hand. This paper examines the origins of the theory and the controversies it engendered. Identified by leon festinger, cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state that people feel when they find themselves doing things that dont fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold.
Since its introduction to the social psychology literature 60 years ago, festinger s cognitive dissonance theory cdt has been frequently applied to the management literature to explain and predict the motivational nature of dissonance in producing attitude and behavior change in managerial decision making and the broader organizational context. Pdf the theory of cognitive dissonance 1 concentrates on. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Cognitive dissonance leon festinger according to cognitive dissonance theory, there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions i. Cognitive dissonance is a theory in social psychology. Cognitivedissonancetheory after50yearsofdevelopment.
Cognitive dissonance as defined by the book, the distressing mental state caused by inconsistency between a persons two beliefs or a belief and an action, 200. Festingers cognitive dissonance theory and research. Semantic conflict mobilizes selfcontrol in a realistic task. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Cognitive dissonance theory has a long and esteemed history in social psychology.
The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group pdf. Here, joel cooper presents a comprehensive analysis of the state of dissonance theory, charting the progress of the theory and assessing its impact. According to dissonance theory, selfesteem is threatened by inconsistency. Overview of the chapter cognitive dissonance theory, first proposed by festinger 1957, has generated hundreds. Festinger proposed that there are three ways to reduce the discomfort caused by inconsistencies between behavior and belief. Leon festinger leon festinger cognitive dissonance. Leon festinger introduced the concept of cognitive dissonance as psychological tension in 1957. Pros and cons of the cognitive dissonance theory by jenny lam in william l. Cognitive dissonance processes serve an actionoriented adaptive function volume 43 eddie harmonjones, cindy harmonjones. Cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolution cognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. One of the conditions that may be necessary for the creation of cognitive dissonance is that there be some element of volition. Originally published in the journal of abnormal and social psychology in 1959, cognitive consequences of forced compliance by leon festinger and james carlsmith was the first of numerous studies to corroborate the theory of cognitive dissonance. In a theory of cognitive dissonance 1957, leon festinger proposed that human. Hier is cognitieve dissonantie dus te verstaan als spijt na aankoop, op.
The theory of cognitive dissonance by festinger pdf. An alternative conceptualization was proposed by festinger s theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957, which asserted that organisms are motivated to reduce dissonance, defined as an incompatibility between internal cognitive structures and the situations currently perceived. Abstractcognitive dissonance occurs when ones belief is contradicting with the behavior, according to festinger s. Cognitive dissonance is a sensation that seems to derive from a conflict between the ideas, beliefs, and values of a certain subject and their behavior. Festinger 1957 argued, the social group is a source of cognitive dissonance as well as a vehicle for reducing it. Cognitive dissonance has been an important and influential theory since leon festinger published his classic work in 1957. An example of this approach is cognitive dissonance theory festinger 1957.
Leon festinger s theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. The number of variations within this approach to selfevaluation regulation is also substantial. Cognitive dissonance theory, as originally set out by festinger 1957, described dissonance as an intraindividual phenomenon in a social context. In the rest of the book many behavioural facts supporting the theory are put forward.
This is chapter one of leon festinger, a theory of cognitive dissonance. In this paper, we are primarily interested in festingers theory as one of a diverse range of theories of human communication. Pros and cons of the cognitive dissonance theory l. Introduced by leon festinger in 1957and since that time debated, refined, and debated again by psychologists cognitive dissonance is defined as the aversive state of arousal that occurs when a person holds two or. Cd is among the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology e. A theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger download. These are the sources and citations used to research cognitive dissonance.
Ebook or pdf edited book email encyclopedia article govt. In zijn boek a theory of cognitive dissonance uit 1957 stelde leon festinger dat. My buyer behaviour understanding markets and customers leeds beckett university bibliography festinger, l. Festinger used the same term, dissonance, to refer to the discrepancy between cognitions and to psychological discomfort. Cognitive dissonance is powerful when it relates to competition and selfconcept. The distressing aversive mental state termed cognitive dissonance is therefore conceptualized as an aversive drive.
Psychologist leon festinger first described the theory of cognitive dissonance in 1957. Het doel van dit onderzoeksrapport is na te gaan, in hoeverre concepten ontwikkeld in. Cognitive dissonance theory by festinger communicative. Thus, attitude change would be consistent with the recent behavior. Here are presented all the main aspects of the theory. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Read online cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 book pdf free download link book now. Sage reference cognitive dissonance theory sage knowledge. According to festinger, cognitive dissonance occurs when peoples thoughts and feelings are inconsistent with their behavior, which results in an uncomfortable, disharmonious feeling. Much may be explained by leon festingers cognitive dissonance theory, whereby people tend to search for justifications to reduce the tension created by holding two inconsistent attitudes or performing an act. The most famous example of how cognitive dissonance can be used for persuasion comes from festinger and carlsmiths 1959 experiment in which participants were asked to complete a very dull task for an hour. A recent theory by festinger 1957 attempts to state the conditions under which discrepancies between cognitions produce cognitive dissonance, a state of tension that motivates the individual to reduce or eliminate the discrepancies. Dissonance theory was an attempt to determine, at a more basic, purely cognitive level, the origin of such pressures.
Leon festinger, an introduction to the theory of cognitive. It is known by every social psychologist, most psychologists of any stripe, and the lay public, making its way into such mainstream publications as the new york times with increasing frequency and accuracy. A theory of cognitive dissonance 1957 row, peterson evanston, ill. Download cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors dissonance, something must change to eliminate the dissonance. Recently, festinger 1957 proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. Leon festinger and cognitive dissonance exploring your mind. Recent revisions of cognitive dissonance theory no longer encompass some of the important examples, data, and hypotheses that were part of festingers.
That is, disagreement from others in a group generates dissonance, and subsequent. Cognitive dissonance theory festinger, 1957 continues to develop and inspire new research. These two concepts are theoretically distinct and the first is now referred to as cognitive inconsistency an introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and. Cognitive dissonance theory social emotive neuroscience lab. The main idea underlying cognitive dissonance is that if a person knows of things inconsistent psychologically, he would try in ways to make them consistent. Cognitive dissonance processes serve an actionoriented. The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward, and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction. Cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 the feeling people have when they find themselves doing things that dont fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold. Festingers cognitive dissonance theory and research examples why should actions so often shape our attitude, rather than vice versa. A theory of cognitive dissonance download pdfepub ebook. It refers to the mental conflict that occurs when a persons behaviors and beliefs do not align. A few years later, leon festinger 19191989, a research psychologist at stanford university, proposed the highly influential and now famous theory of cognitive. I then examine the evolution of dissonance as it emerged from a theory focused solely on. Cognitive dissonance an overview sciencedirect topics.
Cognitive dissonance theory an overview sciencedirect. Almost half a century ago social psychologist leon festinger developed the cognitive dissonance theory festinger, 1957. The self as irrelevant to dissonance processes a third theory of cognitive dissonance suggests that the self and selfesteem concerns are irrelevant to dissonance arousal and reduction. Benoits discussion of persuasion and the characteristics of the cognitive dissonance theory, he stresses different aspects of festinger s results that make it worthy of further study but also questions the validity of the experiment altogether. Keech, reported receiving messages from extraterrestrial aliens that the world would end. The theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957. Pdf increasing cognitive dissonance by a fait accompli. Festingers 1957 1 cognitive dissonance theory states that two cognitions can be. Matz augsburg college wendy wood duke university as l.
Festinger presented dissonance theory during the heyday of cognitive consistency theories. Festinger s theory said that when a person holds contradictory elements in cognition producing an unpleasant state called dissonance the person will work to bring the elements back into agreement or congruence. Pdf leon festingers account of cognitive dissonance, published in 1957. An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an. In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two or more. In a time of abundant information, the risk of picking up only those data that support our previous convictions is always there. Cognitive dissonance theory is a psychological theory that assesses the mental stress or discomfort that individuals face in life when they are faced with two contradicting beliefs, ideas or values on a specific model. This lack of consistency between various cognitions is known as dissonance. Festinger presented dissonance theory during the heyday of cognitive consistency theories,and he discussed dissonance as a cognitive consistency theory. Since these derivations are stated in detail by festinger 1957, ch. In two experiments, we applied a realistic task simulated. H 1hghuodqgvfkh %dqn econometric research and special. Cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 pdf.
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